This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". The word " bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to either sex, from the Dutch boel "lover, brother", probably diminutive of Middle High German buole "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German buhle "lover"). If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing. Rationalizations of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability. īehaviors used to assert such domination may include physical assault or coercion, verbal harassment, or threat, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets.
Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – psychological (sometimes called emotional or relational), verbal, physical, and cyber. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of bullying, while some states in the United States have laws against it. īullying may be defined in many different ways. In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior." A study by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2019 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites. This may include school, family, the workplace, the home, and neighborhoods. Ī bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons", and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways". Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse". Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally or emotionally.īullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing, in which the bully may have one or more "lieutenants" who are willing to assist the primary bully.
Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, imbalance of power and repetition over a period of time. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. Share of children who report being bullied (2015)īullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate.
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